Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have contributed to a variety of biological research fields by filling the gap between monolayers and animal models. The modern optical sectioning microscopic methods make it possible to probe the complexity of 3D cell cultures but are limited by the inherent opaqueness. While tissue optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for investigating whole-mount tissues in 3D, they often have limitations, such as being too harsh for fragile 3D cell cultures, requiring complex handling protocols, or inducing tissue deformation with shrinkage or expansion. To address this issue, we proposed a modified optical clearing method for 3D cell cultures, called MACS-W, which is simple, highly efficient, and morphology-preserving. In our evaluation of MACS-W, we found that it exhibits excellent clearing capability in just 10min, with minimal deformation, and helps drug evaluation on tumor spheroids. In summary, MACS-W is a fast, minimally-deformative and fluorescence compatible clearing method that has the potential to be widely used in the studies of 3D cell cultures.

针对光频域反射（OFDR）分布式光纤传感在长距离、大量程应用场景中，参考光谱与测量光谱间的相似度（SD）退化及由此造成的鲁棒性下降的问题，本文研究了可调谐激光光源调谐非线性补偿模型，发现补偿的残余误差会引起传感单元产生随机位置偏差（PoD）。基于对PoD的统计学分析，建立了参考和测量光谱间SD的评价体系，并提出一种基于卡尔曼预测和局部寻优的传感单元随机PoD补偿方法，实现了参考和测量光谱位置的高效、精准匹配。本文所提方法能够在50 m的传感光纤上以5 mm的空间分辨率实现大量程传感（最高温度~450 ℃，最大应变~10000 με），且兼顾高鲁棒性和高速度（计算量可降低到原来的5.8%~28.6%）。这些优点使该方法能够广泛应用于现有的光频域反射分布式光纤传感系统。

Power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) in laboratory, normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents, have reached over 19%. However, there is usually a marked PCE drop when the blade-coating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead, which hampers the practical development of OSCs. Here, a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused end-group. Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering, NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity, packing patterns, and miscibility with polymeric donor. The studies exhibit that the molecular packing, crystallinity, and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains, providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YR-SeNF-based OSCs. As a result, a record-high PCE approaching 19% is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a green-solvent o-xylene with high-boiling point. Notably, ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h. Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs, which paves a way for industrial development.

针对计算鬼成像采样过程中由于外界影响而出现的物体信息缺失问题，将小波分析应用于计算鬼成像系统中，同时在此系统中引入图像融合方法，构建一种基于图像融合的计算鬼成像系统，对此问题进行了仿真模拟与实验研究。并对结果进行了分析，结果显示此系统可以有效恢复待测物体信息、提高成像质量，相较于传统的计算鬼成像系统更加适用于实际应用环境。

空间调制型偏振检测技术是利用微偏振片阵列、角向或径向偏振片、涡旋波片等器件对光强分布进行空间调制以实现偏振信息测量的一种技术，具有光路结构简单、稳定性好、测量速度快、精度高等优势，在目标探测识别、工业及生化检测等领域具有重要应用。首先，对各种空间调制型Stokes矢量和Mueller矩阵偏振检测技术的工作原理、技术特点进行综述分析；然后，对近年来发展迅速的基于涡旋波片的空间调制型偏振检测技术进行详细阐述，重点对基于涡旋半波片和1/4波片的Stokes偏振仪、基于双涡旋波片的Mueller矩阵偏振仪的工作原理、检测效果和误差校准等内容进行介绍；最后，对空间调制型偏振检测技术的主要发展趋势进行展望。

为提高偏振调制激光测距方法精度，针对采样信号存在波形变形问题，提出了基于改进移动最小二乘（IMLS）算法的偏振调制激光测距方法。首先，基于偏振调制测距原理分析了调制信号波形变形产生的原因和频率解算准确度对测距精度的影响；然后，提出了基于IMLS算法的偏振调制激光测距算法，搭建了偏振调制激光测距系统；最后，分析和验证了IMLS算法的权函数、影响半径等参数对测距精度的影响，并对所提算法、摇摆法、最小二乘法进行了测距精度对比分析和验证。实验结果表明：在11.94 m的被测距离下，选用正态加权函数作为权函数，形状参数为3，影响半径为500 kHz时，基于IMLS算法的偏振调制激光测距算法的误差最小，仅为0.111 mm，此方法的测距精度优于摇摆法和最小二乘法。基于IMLS算法的测距方法适用于偏振调制测距系统，可有效提升测距精度。